

01
什么是拓扑量子计算?

02
事件时间线
1
2003年
微软在官网第一次宣布开展拓扑量子计算和马约拉纳费米子计算的相关研究[4]
2
2013年-2018年间
微软一直致力于拓扑量子计算的研究,先后发表《增强马约拉纳零模》,《拓扑量子计算的数学》等研究成果[5][6]
3
2018年
微软支持的Kouwenhoven团队发表《Nature》论文声称发现马拉约纳零模[7]
4
2019年
匹兹堡大学与澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的团队获取了Kouwenhoven团队研究的全部实验数据,最终认定数据与论文结果不一致。《Nature》于2021年将其撤稿
5
2020年
微软量子计算和拓扑学首席研究员Zhenghan Wang基于研究出版了一本名为《拓扑量子计算》的入门书籍[8]
6
2022年
微软研究人员发现了被称为“马约拉纳零模”现象的证据,构建了可扩展的拓扑量子比特[9]。同年,Kouwenhoven团队的论文再次被《Nature》撤稿,原因是“关键数据遗漏”
7
2023年
微软发布“量子超计算机”路线图[10]
8
2025年
2025年,微软声称完成8个拓扑量子比特的芯片“Majorana 1”,完成了路线图的第二个里程碑,发表相关论文[11]
03
确有其事还是夸大其词?






04
何去何从?

Ref:
[1] Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Liu, D. et al. Topological edge states in a high-temperature superconductor FeSe/SrTiO3(001) film. Nature Mater 15, 968–973 (2016).
[2] Dongfei Wang et al. ,Evidence for Majorana bound states in an iron-based superconductor.Science362,333-335(2018).
[3]https://www.quantinuum.com/press-releases/for-the-first-time-ever-quantinuums-new-h2-quantum-computer-has-created-non-abelian-topological-quantum-matter-and-braided-its-anyons
[4] Freedman, Michael H., et al. "Topological Quantum Computation." Bulletin (New Series) of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 40, no. 1, 2002, pp. 31-38.
[5] Karzig, Torsten, et al. "Boosting Majorana zero modes." arXiv preprint arXiv:1305.3626v2, 2013.
[6] Rowell, Eric C., and Zhenghan Wang. “MATHEMATICS OF TOPOLOGICAL QUANTUM COMPUTING.” arXiv.org, 17 May 2017, arXiv:1705.06206v1 [math.QA].
[7] Zhang, H., Liu, CX., Gazibegovic, S. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Quantized Majorana conductance. Nature 556, 74–79 (2018).
[8] Wang, Zhenghan. *Topological Quantum Computation*. CBMS Regional Conference Series in Mathematics, 112. American Mathematical Society, 2010. ISBN: 978 - 0 - 8218 - 4930 - 9.
[9]https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/innovation/azure-quantum-majorana-topological-qubit/
[10]https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/quantum/2023/06/21/microsoft-achieves-first-milestone-towards-a-quantum-supercomputer/
[11] Microsoft Azure Quantum., Aghaee, M., Alcaraz Ramirez, A. et al. Interferometric single-shot parity measurement in InAs–Al hybrid devices. Nature 638, 651–655 (2025).
[12]https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-024-08445-2/MediaObjects/41586_2024_8445_MOESM2_ESM.pdf
[13] Qing Lin He et al. ,RETRACTED: Chiral Majorana fermion modes in a q2uantum anomalous Hall insulator–superconductor structure.Science357,294-299(2017).